MAJOR FOREIGN HOLDERS OF TREASURY SECURITIES (in billions of dollars) HOLDINGS 1/ AT END OF PERIOD Jan Dec Nov Oct Sep Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Country 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ China, Mainland 1126.6 1123.5 1121.4 1138.9 1151.4 1165.1 1171.0 1191.2 1183.1 1181.9 1187.7 1176.7 1168.2 Japan 1069.8 1042.3 1036.6 1018.5 1028.0 1029.9 1035.5 1032.6 1048.9 1031.8 1044.4 1060.1 1066.0 Brazil 305.1 303.1 311.4 313.9 317.0 317.8 299.7 300.1 299.2 294.1 286.0 272.9 265.7 United Kingdom 271.6 272.9 258.9 263.9 276.3 272.6 271.7 274.2 265.0 262.6 263.6 250.6 243.3 Ireland 270.1 280.0 279.6 287.3 290.4 311.6 300.2 301.1 301.0 300.6 318.1 314.2 327.7 Switzerland 228.6 235.0 227.5 225.2 226.9 232.0 233.1 235.5 243.4 242.2 245.4 248.0 251.1 Luxembourg 217.5 231.0 225.7 225.4 227.2 224.0 221.5 220.9 208.9 213.8 221.5 218.6 220.9 Cayman Islands 208.4 211.0 207.5 208.2 200.2 197.5 197.9 191.1 186.2 181.3 165.9 177.3 168.0 Hong Kong 200.5 196.2 189.2 185.0 192.3 193.2 194.4 196.4 191.9 194.1 196.3 196.6 194.3 Belgium 192.1 185.7 173.0 169.7 164.7 154.3 154.5 154.7 150.5 139.5 126.7 126.8 124.6 Taiwan 166.6 157.3 155.4 162.4 166.5 163.2 164.2 162.6 164.8 168.1 170.1 170.7 175.4 Saudi Arabia 162.6 171.6 169.9 171.3 176.1 169.5 166.8 164.3 162.2 159.9 151.2 150.9 143.7 India 144.9 141.3 138.5 138.2 144.0 140.6 142.6 147.3 148.9 152.8 157.0 152.9 148.6 Singapore 127.9 121.1 128.8 133.0 134.5 129.9 127.6 122.1 118.9 118.0 117.8 118.0 122.6 Korea 115.8 114.9 110.2 111.1 110.8 110.2 109.1 106.1 104.8 104.7 100.6 101.3 101.8 Canada 113.1 109.9 106.3 101.9 94.1 96.2 96.1 102.3 96.7 89.4 93.0 89.1 86.1 France 112.6 110.9 131.6 109.4 97.7 113.6 111.0 93.4 89.6 82.6 80.9 77.0 78.4 Norway 86.4 84.9 47.3 61.3 63.6 66.7 61.1 49.7 49.7 39.4 40.2 50.4 46.9 Thailand 83.7 72.0 64.9 65.3 66.1 63.3 63.0 58.6 62.2 60.8 57.2 68.0 67.2 Germany 77.7 69.8 77.7 77.5 68.3 73.3 71.0 70.8 78.3 86.0 76.5 78.4 71.0 Bermuda 64.9 65.4 64.3 62.6 64.5 65.5 64.4 60.7 64.0 64.8 66.5 67.5 67.7 United Arab Emirates 56.0 56.8 56.3 57.7 60.0 59.0 59.7 59.6 60.0 59.7 59.3 57.5 55.6 Sweden 43.4 43.8 44.5 43.4 44.6 44.6 44.7 46.0 45.5 45.1 46.2 46.3 46.3 Netherlands 42.9 43.6 42.8 43.0 43.0 43.4 45.1 44.8 45.1 42.5 43.9 44.8 45.1 Australia 42.5 39.7 41.3 38.9 36.8 38.4 39.2 39.8 37.6 36.2 34.3 38.7 38.1 Italy 40.8 40.3 40.4 39.6 39.6 37.3 38.4 40.6 39.6 36.4 37.2 36.6 35.4 Kuwait 40.7 41.3 43.9 44.1 43.8 43.5 42.9 43.0 43.9 42.6 36.9 36.3 36.9 Mexico 38.0 46.8 45.7 41.5 39.3 40.7 39.8 41.0 43.6 43.8 47.0 36.0 36.2 Spain 36.5 34.7 34.9 35.3 37.3 37.5 36.2 31.9 34.6 31.3 32.0 32.4 34.7 Iraq 34.0 34.6 32.1 31.1 29.4 29.8 28.3 26.5 24.5 22.4 21.7 22.3 21.3 Poland 33.8 39.6 40.2 40.0 40.1 39.9 40.6 40.6 40.2 41.4 40.3 40.4 40.7 All Other 552.2 544.1 552.1 555.5 551.3 574.3 583.1 575.6 582.4 610.8 657.9 664.2 664.7 Grand Total 6307.2 6265.2 6199.7 6200.1 6225.6 6278.3 6254.2 6224.8 6215.1 6180.5 6223.2 6221.5 6194.3 Of which: For. Official 3974.4 3949.7 3901.2 3947.1 4010.1 4021.1 4007.8 3990.3 3990.9 4006.2 4051.7 4031.0 4001.4 Treasury Bills 305.1 310.4 311.8 306.6 316.7 329.3 339.6 336.3 346.3 323.2 318.6 333.9 325.0 T-Bonds & Notes 3669.2 3639.3 3589.4 3640.5 3693.4 3691.8 3668.1 3653.9 3644.6 3683.0 3733.1 3697.0 3676.4 Department of the Treasury/Federal Reserve Board March 15, 2019 1/ The data in this table are collected primarily from U.S.-based custodians and broker-dealers. Since U.S. securities held in overseas custody accounts may not be attributed to the actual owners, the data may not provide a precise accounting of individual country ownership of Treasury securities (see TIC FAQ #7 at: http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/tic/Pages/ticfaq1.aspx). Estimated foreign holdings of U.S. Treasury marketable and non-marketable bills, bonds, and notes reported under the Treasury International Capital (TIC) reporting system are based on monthly data on holdings of Treasury bonds and notes as reported on TIC Form SLT, Aggregate Holdings of Long-Term Securities by U.S. and Foreign Residents and on TIC Form BL2, Report of Customers' U.S. Dollar Liabilities to Foreign Residents.